Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm dạy nói Tiếng Anh qua trò chơi đóng vai

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Using role-plays in teaching speaking by CHL Sở GD- ĐT Đồng Nai    Using Role-plays in Teaching Speaking 1 Using role-plays in teaching speaking by CHL I. Reason for choosing the topic: Learning a language is a complex and long process as anyone who has tried will agree. One of the most difficult and frustrating things is making the transition from the classroom to the 'real' world. In the classroom, everyone knows you are a student and mistakes are allowed, and the environment is contained and safe. Speaking another language outside the classroom is completely different and often students are lost at sea as soon as they step outside the door. Lists of memorized vocabulary are suddenly useless when ordering in a restaurant. The problem becomes more complicated when it comes to Vietnam setting. English teachers in Vietnam have just adopted communicative approach for just a few years since the using of the new textbooks. However, they have not paid enough attention to speaking skill. The speaking tasks are simple, and more importantly, impractical. In this writing, I would like to recommend a more practical way of teaching speaking in high school classrooms; that is using role-plays and simulations. Role-plays, or simulations are one of the ways ESL instructors can ease students' transition into using English in real world situations. A simulation is where students act out a real-life situation, for example checking into at a hotel, but do not act out a different personality. Role-plays are where students take on different personalities. In a role-play, for example, one student may be asked to take on the role of "an angry neighbor" which is out of character for the student. The purpose of role playing is to give the students an opportunity to work with others in determining how an individual or group might behave in response to a particular situation. Role playing is often used primarily to promote classroom discussion. The use of role playing as a cooperative learning model also includes class discussion as a vital step, but in this approach the entire class is involved in preparing and presenting role plays through group activity. II. Some principles of using and managing role-plays: - The more engaging the better. The value of role-plays come from students immersing themselves in the material. - Choose a 'hot' topic and stage a debate. Assign students positions on the topic (for/against). This will get students out of their personality and into the role where they do not have the same inhibitions. - Preparation is very important to success. Give students 'personality cards' which sketch out their personal characteristics or scenario. Divide students into groups and give them time to 2 Using role-plays in teaching speaking by CHL sketch out various scenarios, and go over extra or special vocabulary, ask them to discuss how they will act, think about the character and plan what they will say. For example, what are possible responses/replies for the angry neighbor? - The teacher, as facilitator of the role-play must support students in their role, i.e. they 'are' in the backyard arguing over the fence. Don't do anything to interrupt the pretend environment. Leave grammar correction to the end. Correcting students in the middle of an argument interrupts the pretend environment. Make notes and do a debriefing after. - Exaggeration is good! Encourage students to exaggerate their actions, opinions and movements. Exaggeration helps students immerse themselves in the role. - Stage a rehearsal first. Have students practice their role in small groups with coaching from the other students. - While the role-play or debate is in progress, have other students suggest vocabulary first, and act as backup if they do not know. Role-plays are unpredictable which makes them both a valuable learning tool and at the same time difficult to manage. Sketch out the various routes the role-play can take from the initial scenario. This will give you some idea what to expect and avoid any surprises. Role-plays can range from 30 minutes to one hour. III. Steps in carrying out role-plays: 1. Outside the classroom: _ Choosing the topic, based on the topic of the lesson or the main grammar point of that lesson. _ Preparing materials, especially role-play cards (Teachers can make up the cards themselves, or search for them on the Internet) 2. Inside the classroom: _ Providing students with enough language to be used in their role-plays. _ Setting up the scene for role-plays. IV. Sample lesson plans: Unit 1: Friendship (English 11) Version 1 Finding a Perfect Roommate/Flatmate Role-play 3 Using role-plays in teaching speaking by CHL 1. Materials:  Ranking Roommates: Vocabulary Warm-up  Room Ads: Listening Reading Comprehension Warm-up  Rooms for Rent Role Cards  Friends Looking for Rooms Role Cards  Students with Rooms for Rent Activity Sheet  Students with Friends Needing Rooms Activity Sheet 2. Purpose and Audience: The purpose of these materials is to get the students to practice talking about the qualities of good and bad roommates. 3. Target Language: Describing people and their habits. 4. Warm up: a) Group Discussion  Where do you live?  Do you live in a dormitory or with your family?  Who do you live with?  Are you happy where you live? Why or why not? b) Pros and Cons Brainstorm  What do you think about shared accommodation?  What are the pros and cons of shared accommodation? · 2 groups divided into Pros and Cons · then pair up Pro and Con to discuss c) Which would you choose? In groups of 3, put Shared Accommodation Ads in pile face down. Students turn 1 up and explain to the group. This accommodation is in (area). It’s a (flat/house/townhouse) There are (number) people living there. It costs $____ a week. (other information) 4 Using role-plays in teaching speaking by CHL Would you like to live there? Why or why not? – Discuss After going through all six ads, choose the best one for you and explain why. The Perfect Flatmate What kind of person is good to live with? Why? Ranking Exercise: In groups, students circle the ideal qualities of roommates using the Ranking Exercise Vocabulary Sheet and then rank them in order of importance. 5. Role-play Set-up: The class is divided into two groups: Group 1: These students have a room for rent at their house because a roommate has just moved out. They will need a Room for Rent Role Card and a Room for Rent Activity Sheet. Group 2: These students have a friend who is looking for a place to live. They will need a Friends Looking for a Place to Live Role Card and a Students with Friends Needing a Room Activity Sheet. The students should be given some time to read their role cards, ask questions about vocabulary and then write down the concerns (from the role cards) into the table headings (on the activity sheets). Divide the class chairs into two lines facing each other (or if you like, have an inner circle and outer circle). One line is for students with rooms to rent (Group 1)and the other line is for students who have friends who need a place to live (Group 2). Group 1 students approach group 2 students and ask them if the group 2 students know anybody who needs a place to live. Group 2 students tell them they have a friend who is looking for a place. Group 2 will then ask questions to make sure that their friend will be happy in the shared accommodation. Group 1 students then ask questions about the friend to make sure that the friend is compatible. Wrap up Students discuss which friends were compatible with which houses. 5 Using role-plays in teaching speaking by CHL Shared Accommodation Ads Room to rent in a townhouse Flat to Share! $110 - Room with complex. Neat, tidy and very built in wardrobes in a spacious chic relaxed. Complex has pool, spa and apartment! We are two fab chicks tennis court. Nice area, central to looking for a third chic in her early everything. 2 guys living there twenties to share our 3 bedroom already, seeking a relaxed, easy apartment. We'd like someone who going, reliable guy or girl. Rent is is chilled, laidback, up for a laugh, $100 a week plus $200 bond + tidy, clean and loves to party.... If electricity. For any questions or an your interested give me a call on inspection contact Ryan on 0413 418 0424426577 Xx Nix 290 Room For Rent, Student Shared Accommodation in 2 Accommodation, fully furnished bedroom /1 bathroom unit to share room, swimming pool, gym, close to unit with one other. Centrally Griffith University Campus, bus located 5 minutes walk to the town transport available This would suit centre and public transport. mature male International student 25years+ Female- Asian Student, (Asian welcome) or working person Non-smoker, quiet, clean, neat and 130.00 AUD per week, non smoker. tidy to share with friendly working Close to university area, available Australian professional. Rent $130 now, Ph 55-7447700 or text 0402- per week (incl bills)-4weeks bond. 90-5215 Enquiries to Virginia. 6 Using role-plays in teaching speaking by CHL Unfurnished Bdrm with own bthrm Looking to share luxury large unit 5 avail. in 3brm furnished townhouse mins to University. Will have own to share with working female. bathroom, security parking and pool. Looking for someone to take over I am a 21 student and would like to lease in late April. Townhouse has share with female around my own converted garage, which could be age. Must be clean and reliable. Rent used as storage. Pool and BBQ area $160 p.w. $480 Bond. Please give in complex. $140/week me a call Vanessa 0416678485 When trying to find a compatible roommate, what qualities are the most important for you? Circle the qualities of your ideal roommate. Finally, in groups, rank them below. (1 being the most important and 12 being least important). messy (is a slob) good cook can’t cook outgoing shy easygoing argumentative/high strung 7 Using role-plays in teaching speaking by CHL boring humorous, interesting smoker non-smoker heavy drinker social drinker non-drinker friendly grumpy/mean quiet noisy considerate selfish has a car doesn’t have a car broke has enough money How are you as a roommate? How many of the above ideal qualities do you have? In your group, find out who is the most compatible roommate for you: Students With Friends Who Need Housing Your friend Susan is looking for a place to Your friend Bill is looking for a place to live. live. Facts about Susan Facts about Bill She is an outgoing person who likes to He is easygoing and gets along well with party. And so she can be quite noisy, other people. He is a bit lazy and somewhat especially on the weekends. She is a heavy messy. drinker but she doesn’t smoke. She has a He plays in a band so he often practices the dog. She has a job so she has lots of money. drums at home. He doesn’t smoke. He is a social drinker. He’s a little broke so he wants to find a place with cheap rent. 8 Using role-plays in teaching speaking by CHL Concerns (Questions to Ask) Concerns (Questions to Ask) (1) Are pets ok? (She has a dog) (1) Will it be Ok if he practices the drums (2) Are the other roommates friendly from time to time? (He plays in a outgoing people? (Her last roommate band). was a bore so she moved out). (2) Are there any cats or dogs at the (3) Does anybody smoke? (She’s apartment? (He’s allergic to animal allergic to cigarette smoke). hair) (4) How much is the rent? (3) How much is the rent? (5) How far is the apartment from the (4) How far is the apartment from the school? school? (5) Are the other roommates easy to get along with? Your friend Brenda is looking for a place to Your friend John is looking for a place to live. live. Facts about Brenda Facts about John She is a med student so she studies very He is very shy, so he doesn’t have many hard. She has a scholarship so she has no friends or go out a lot. He is clean. He is problems with money. She doesn’t drink. quiet. He smokes, but he rarely drinks. He She doesn’t smoke. She has a cat. She is has a job so he has lots of money. very tidy. Concerns (Questions to Ask) Concerns (Questions to Ask) (1) Is smoking allowed in the house? (1) Is it a quiet house? She’s a med (2) How much is the rent? student so she needs to study hard. (3) Are there any cats or dogs at the (2) How much is the rent? apartment? (He’s allergic to animal (3) Does anybody smoke? (She’s hair) allergic to cigarette smoke). (4) Is the apartment clean? (He is a bit of (4) How far is the apartment from the a neat freak). school? (5) How far is the apartment from the (5) Are pets ok? (She has a cat) school? 9 Using role-plays in teaching speaking by CHL Students With Friends Who Need Housing Your friend Jane is looking for a place to Your friend Mike is looking for a place to live. live. Facts about Jane Facts about Mike Jane is hardworking student who likes to ‘let Mike is a very shy guy working on his loose’ on the weekends. She’s very clean. doctorate. His family is very wealthy. He is She doesn’t smoke and only drinks a little on quiet and doesn’t smoke or drink. He’s a bit weekends. Her parents are rich so she has no of a slob though. money problems. Concerns (Questions to Ask) Concerns (Questions to Ask) (1) How much is the rent? (1) How much is the rent? (2) How far is the apartment from the (2) How far is the apartment from the school? school? (3) Does anybody smoke? (He’s allergic (3) Are there any cats or dogs at the to cigarette smoke). apartment? (She’s allergic to animal (4) Are there any cats or dogs at the hair) apartment? (He’s allergic to animal (4) Is the apartment clean? (She’s a bit of hair) a neat freak). (5) Is the place quiet? (He is working on (5) Is the place quiet during the week? his PhD so he needs a quiet place to live an study) Your friend Christy is looking for a place to Your friend Jeremy is looking for a place to live. live. Facts about Christy Facts about Jeremy Christy is an outgoing person who smokes a Jeremy is a professional musician who is lot and is a heavy drinker, but she is very doing his masters degree at the university. tidy. She is a little broke since she just got He is easygoing but a little messy. He has a fired from her job. scholarship so money is not a problem for Concerns (Questions to Ask) him. (1) How much is the rent? Concerns (Questions to Ask) 10
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